Reproductive System

Hormones · reproduction

How does the reproductive System work?

Organs and hormones involved in reproduction, puberty and the menstrual cycle. Its hormones also affect bone, muscle, mood and metabolism.

Hormone links

Estrogen and testosterone help maintain bone density and muscle; the pituitary gland in the brain coordinates them.

Nutrition links

Folate before and in early pregnancy reduces neural tube defects; menstruation increases iron needs; iodine needs rise in pregnancy.

When to get help

Pregnancy, fertility, cycle changes and symptoms are best discussed with a qualified clinician. This atlas is educational only.

Evidence & sources

• Menstruating women aged 19–50 have a higher iron RDA (18 mg) than men (8 mg) because of iron lost in menstrual blood. Evidence: regulatory. Known: Set by the Institute of Medicine (2001). Unknown: Individual losses vary widely. Source: NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, Iron — Health Professional Fact Sheet (Current revision).

Connected topics

• Endocrine System
• Folate (B9)
• Iron
• Iodine
• Bone Tissue
• Calcium

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General education only, not medical advice. Drafted Oct 2026 · pending qualified expert review.